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Carl Schmitt was a controversial German catholic intellectual and legal theoretician with ties to the Nazi ideology and party.

Carl Schmitt Die Diktatur Youtube

Schmitt was born as the son of a businessman in Plettenberg, Westphalia on July 11, 1888; he studied state theory and law in Berlin, Munich and Strassburg and took his graduation and State promotion exams in Strassburg in 1915.

In 1921, Schmitt became a professor at the university of Greifswald, where he published his essay “Die Diktatur” (“On Dictatorship”), in which he discussed the foundations of the newly-established Weimar Republic, emphasising the office of the Reichspräsident. Although most Anglo-American scholars rate “The Concept of the Political” as occupying a central place in Schmitt’s work, this may simply be the result of the historical fact that this work was the first of Schmitt’s essays to be published in English. In many important ways, “On Dictatorship” is equally important, as its central theme presages much of Schmitt’s later work. For Schmitt, a strong dictator could embody the will of the people more effectively than any legislative body, as it can be decisive, whereas parliaments inevitably involve discussion and compromise:

Carl spricht gelegentlich ziemlich negativ Working Review of Carl Schmitt’s Dictatorship, edited and translated by Michael Hielzl and Graham Ward (Cambridge, UK: Polity Pres, 2014) Clifford Angell Bates, Jr. Warsaw University [email protected] With this translation. Die Diktatur, so Schmitt. Arnswaldt: Carl Schmitt (Biographie). Blumfeld Die Diktatur Der Angepassten. Carl Schmitt ( German:; 11 July 1888 – 7 April 1985) was a German. Schmitt wrote extensively about the effective wielding of political power. His work has been a major influence on subsequent political theory, legal theory, continental philosophy. Carl Schmitt (; German:; 11 July 1888 – 7 April 1985) was a German, and prominent member of the Nazi Party. Schmitt wrote extensively about the effective wielding of political power. His work has been a major influence on subsequent political theory, legal theory, continental philosophy and, and remains both influential and controversial due.

“If the constitution of a state is democratic, then every exceptional negation of democratic principles, every exercise of state power independent of the approval of the majority, can be called dictatorship.”

States must rule, and rule must be exercised decisively. For Schmitt, every government capable of decisive action must include a dictatorial element within its constitution. Thus, in “Die Diktatur,” we find Schmitt's judgement that dictatorships can be more meaningfully democratic than democracies.

This was followed by another essay in 1922, titled “Politische Theologie” (“Political Theology”); in it, Schmitt, who at the time was working as a professor at the University of Bonn, further substantiated his authoritarian theories, effectively denying free will based on a catholic world view. Another year later, Schmitt defended emerging totalitarian power structures in his paper “Die geistesgeschichtliche Lage des heutigen Parlamentarismus” (roughly: “The Thought-Historical Situation of Today's Parliamentarianism”).

Schmitt changed universities in 1926, when he became professor for law at the Hochschule für Politik in Berlin, and again in 1932, when he accepted a position in Cologne. It was in Cologne, too, that he wrote another paper, “Der Begriff des Politischen” (“The Concept of the Political”), in which he developed his controversial state law theories. Apart from his academic funtions, Schmitt was counsel for the Reich government in the case “Preussen contra Reich” when the SPD led Prussian government disputed its dismissal by the right-wing von Papen government. One of the counsels for the Prussian government was Hermann Heller. In German history, this sad struggle leading to the de facto destruction of federalism in the Weimar republic is known as the 'Preussenschlag'.

Schmitt's theories in this paper were later used by the Nazis for an ideological foundation of their dictatorship, and Schmitt was later accused of having justified the “Führer” state with regard to legal philosophy. In fact, Schmitt, who became a professor at the University of Berlin in 1933 (a position he held until the end of World War II) joined the NSDAP on May 1, 1933; he quickly was appointed “preußischer Staatsrat” by Hermann Göring and became the president of the “Vereinigung nationalsozialistischer Juristen” (“Union of National-Socialist Jurists”) in November.